Romeo and Juliet Diary Entries Essay Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Diary Entries Essay Essay My time has come, I knew it would come soon, I am soon to be married. I dont know what to do or what to think. When I was told the news my life flashed before my eyes, I saw myself in a loveless marriage, sitting at home in old clothes, slaving over a hot stove all day and looking after the children, what kind of a future is that? Getting married is an honour, because it shows you are wanted and the older you are the less likely you are to get married and your parents will have to look after you. I dont want to disappoint my parents, but I truly feel marriage, at this stage in my life, is not what I want. I am not ready to make such a commitment. The man I am meant to marry Im to meet at this party my father is throwing. I am supposed to like him, what happens if I dont? Even if I like him, I certainly dont want to marry him. My father, I think, will give me some say in the matter, after all it is my life and he is meant to love and respect me. My nanny is more like my mother, my mother and father werent around much when I was growing up and I feel a really strong bond between the nanny and I and she will support me whatever I choose, if I get to choose. This party is going to be the worst yet, Im not even bothered about what Im going to wear. Also I cant enjoy myself because I know soon I could be married, possibly to someone who is not right for me. Come to think of it I know nothing about this man, how is the marriage supposed to last anyway? HELP! I can hear my mother calling, got to go. Juliet Capulet Dear Diary, Romeo, Romeo, I am in love with Romeo, not with the man my dad picked, Paris. Romeo is my ideal man, he is fit and has a really nice personality. We just click, we can talk to each other with ease. I know it is true love, when I go near him my heart goes wild and a strange sensation comes over me and I cannot bear to be away from him, even if he is a Montague. Romeo and I met at my dads party and he took my breath away. I probably spent less than five minutes in Pariss company, I was too busy making eyes at Romeo. Glowing in the distance he was, he was wearing Levi jeans and an Armani shirt and he glided over to me and we started dancing, no words were spoken, it was as if we could read each others minds and we fell in love. The party turned out better than I expected, the food was delicious and the drink divine. The decorations were lovely and the place looked really welcoming. There was a wonderful atmosphere. There was a big turn out, all the family were there and friends of the family and so on. The music was upbeat and everyone was dancing the night away, including me, well actually not all of it! Romeo and I shared more than one kiss that night and from the time my lips touched his I committed an act of betrayal, because my family and his family have deep hatred for each other and have done for many years. I dont care, its my life and even though I love my family, I love Romeo as well and I cant imagine life without either of them. Maybe our marriage will bring the two families together. Just a few minutes ago Romeo and I had a deep, meaningful conversation. He loves me and like me doesnt care what our families feel for each other, its what is in our hearts that count for something. Romeo thinks Im an angel, that has blessed the earth with my presence and I think he is my knight in shining armour, come to whisk me away into eternal bliss. During our conversation my nanny called for me, her and my mother wanted to know my decision about Paris and I said, see what develops. That short chat made me realise that marriage is for me, if I met the right person and that is Romeo. I am willing to commit myself to Romeo and he is willing to commit himself to me, Till death us do part. Our families at first will probably go absolutely mental and there is bound to be more fighting between the two families, arguing within the families, sadness, anger and a sense of betrayal, but they will have to get over it, accept it and trust us. We are going to get married secretly and break the news once it has been cleared up that Im not going to be marrying Paris and everyone has settled down, Love can conquer all. Juliet Capulet Dear Diary, God, he is the one person you supposedly can turn to in times of misery, well I think even God has turned his back on me. My life is messed up and its like Im falling into a black hole and there is no way to end the pain and anguish I am suffering. Glorious fireworks is what I saw when I married Romeo, yes I went through with the marriage. The moment I married Romeo will be the most special memory I will ever possess. I am really, truly grateful to the vicar for risking everything to marry us. Devastating news came to me via my nanny, that same day and it broke my heart in two. My nanny was mucking about with me at first and I thought my husband was dead, my heart stopped, can you imagine your heart stopping? Its a horrible thought isnt it? Then I thought Tybalt and Romeo were both dead, and then I came to learn that Tybalt was dead and Romeo was his killer. Extreme feelings of sadness and anger quickly rushed to my brain, like a lion pouncing on its prey. I felt like I was betraying Tybalt by having these feelings for Romeo, but I was upset about Tybalt as well. In 'Romeo and Juliet' there is anger, grief, hatred, love, fear, despair, passion and violence EssayMy head is full of queries, what if it is poison and I dont wake up? What if I forget where I am? What if I freak out surrounded by dead bodies and Tybalt who is barely dead? What if. what if I I wake up to find Romeo and the vicar are not there. If I dont do it I will have to marry Paris and there will be another web of lies spun, this potion can save me from that. No I cant take it, what if things go wrong? I couldnt bear not being able to see Romeo ever again. Romeo, Romeo, I have do it for him, to give us some kind of future, what if Tybalt haunts him? My hand is moving the bottle towards my lips, I would just like to say Im sorry for all the trouble I have caused, but I have to what is necessary for me and my love, Romeo to be together. God bless you xxxxxxxxxx. Juliet Montage P.S Unfortunately this is not Juliet writing, it is the vicar and I know the real cause behind the disastrous deaths of Juliet and her one and only true love Romeo. It all started when I married Romeo and Juliet, all I wanted was to make them happy and I also thought maybe it would stop the families feuding. It was not that simple for Juliet because her father was determined that she was to marry Paris, he obviously didnt know she was already married. When Juliet came to me for help I just couldnt turn her down, her mom, dad and her nanny had disowned her and I couldnt do the same, desperation showed in every nook and cranny of her face, so I devised a plan. Juliet, as it explains in her diary, had to take a potion to make her appear dead, so she wouldnt have to go through with the arranged marriage to Paris. Queries were running through Juliets head and mine but I tried my hardest to reassure her as much as possible. I was responsible for getting a message to Romeo informing him of the events, however Romeo was not informed of the events because the man who was sending it wasnt allowed out the town, because of a fatal disease that was being spread across the country. Breathless I arrived at the tomb, I had to get there quickly because of Juliet, and I stumbled across Paris and what I saw was Paris with an open wound in his side, lying in a puddle of blood, dead and I was deeply shocked and when I went in what was there was 100 times worse. Romeo was lying there clutching a bottle in his hand, dead and my heart skipped a beat. Looking across at Juliet I thought you poor soul. Peaceful and sweet Juliet looked lying there, to think when she wakes up her whole world will be turned upside down. Juliet starting stirring and she woke up light-headed. Feeling extremely anxious I rushed over and was trying to get her out of the tomb, for her own good, but Juliet was just sitting there asking for Romeo and every time she did my deepest sympathy went out to Juliet. Managing to get Juliet up I was pulling her gently to urge her out and she was responding slowly and then she saw it, Romeo lying dead and she went into a traumatised and confused state. Hearing voices I went into panic mode and I wanted Juliet to come, I suggested she could live in a convent, what was I thinking? I ran, ran for my life and left Juliet behind. How could a leave a thirteen-year-old girl in such a place? How could I leave her surrounded by dead bodies? That would be distressing for anybody, let alone a young girl, it brings me to tears. Selfishness that what it was, I was trying to save my own skin and I hate myself for it. It is all my fault, maybe if I hadnt of married Romeo and Juliet, maybe if I didnt give Juliet that potion, maybe if I didnt encourage them, maybe if I just told the truth, maybe, maybe, maybe, if only I thought of all this before and maybe they wouldnt be dead. I deserve whatever is thrown at me. I have been false-hearted and deceitful and my soul will never be the same again. Im not worthy of Gods forgiveness. Im a murderer, I left a thirteen-year-old girl to kill herself, for my own inexcusable, selfish reasons. Im a vicar, someone you can trust, someone you can go to in your hour of need, well Romeo and Juliet done that and I messed up their lives, they are dead, dead, I cant get over it. Statues are being put up to honour the lives of the young lady and the young man, who fell in love despite their families hatred for each other and died showing their love for each other. Also the Capulets and the Montagues have made peace, the deaths of their precious Romeo and Juliet has reunited them. Their memory will live on forever RIP.

The Canterbury Tales A View Of The Medieval Christian Church Essay Example For Students

The Canterbury Tales: A View Of The Medieval Christian Church Essay SUBJECT: English 243 TITLE: The Canterbury Tales: A view of the Medieval Christian Church In discussing Chaucers collection of stories called The Canterbury Tales, an interesting picture or illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded more voice in the affairs of government, the church became corrupt this corruption also led to a more crooked society. Nevertheless, there is no such thing as just church history; This is because the church can never be studied in isolation, simply because it has always related to the social, economic and political context of the day. In history then, there is a two way process where the church has an influence on the rest of society and of course, society influences the church. This is naturally because it is the people from a society who make up the church .and those same people became the personalities that created these tales of a pilgrimmage to Canterbury. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England was to take place in a relatively short period of time, but this was not because of the success of the Augustinian effort. Indeed, the early years of this mission had an ambivalence which shows in the number of people who hedged their bets by practicing both Christian and Pagan rites at the same time, and in the number of people who promptly apostatized when a Christian king died. There is certainly no evidence for a large-scale conversion of the common people to Christianity at this time. Augustine was not the most diplomatic of men, and managed to antagonize many people of power and influence in Britain, not least among them the native British churchmen, who had never been particularly eager to save the souls of the Anglo-Saxons who had brought such bitter times to their people. In their isolation, the British Church had maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustines effort to compel them to conform to modern Roman usage only angered them. When Augustine died (some time between 604 and 609 AD), then, Christianity had only a precarious hold on Anglo-Saxon England, a hold which was limited largely to a few in the aristocracy. Christianity was to become firmly established only as a result of Irish efforts, who from centers in Scotland and Northumbria made the common people Christian, and established on a firm basis the English Church. At all levels of society, belief in a god or gods was not a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact. Atheism was an alien concept (and one dating from the eighteenth century). Living in the middle ages, one would come into contact with the Church in a number of ways. First, there were the routine church services, held daily and attended at least once a week, and the special festivals of Christmas, Easter, baptisms, marriages, etc.. In that respect the medieval Church was no different to the modern one. Second, there were the tithes that the Church collected, usually once a year. Tithes were used to feed the parish priest, maintain the fabric of the church, and to help the poor. Third, the Church fulfilled the functions of a civil service and an education system. Schools did not exist (and were unnecessary to a largely peasant society), but the Church and the government needed men who could read and write in English and Latin. The Church trained its own men, and these went to help in the government: writing letters, keeping accounts and so on. The words cleric and clerk have the same origin, and every nobleman would have at least one priest to act as a secretary.The power of the Church is often over-emphasized. Certainly, the later medieval Church was rich and powerful, and that power was often misused especially in Europe. Bishops and archbishops were appointed without any training or clerical background, church offices changed hands for cash, and so on. The authority of the early medieval Church in England was no different to that of any other landowner. So, the question that haunted medieval man was that of his own salvation. The existence of God was never questioned and the heart-cry of medieval society was a desire to know God and achieve intimacy with the divine. Leading a life pleasing to God was the uppermost concern, and the wide diversity of medieval piety is simply because people answered the question, How can I best lead a holy life? in so many different ways. Beginning with The Pardoners Tale, the theme of salvation is truly paramount. Chaucer, being one of the most important medieval authors, uses this prologue and tale to make a statement about buying salvation. The character of the pardoner is one of the most despicable pilgrims, seemingly along for the ride to his next gig as the seller of relics. For myn entente is nat but for to winne,/ And no thing for correccion of sinne, admits the pardoner in his prologue. As a matter of fact, the pardoner is only in it for the money, as evident from this passage: I wol none of the Apostles countrefete:I wold have moneye, wolle, cheese, and whete,Al were it yiven of the pooreste page,Or of the pooreste widwe in a village Al sholde hir children sterve for famine.Nay, I drinke licour of the vineAnd have a joly wenche in every town. In his tale, the Pardoner slips into his role as the holiest of holies and speaks of the dire consequences of gluttony, gambling, and lechery. He cites Attila the Hun with, Looke Attila, the grete conquerour,/ Deide in his sleep with shame and dishonour,/ Bleeding at his nose in dronkenesse. The personification of the deadly sins, along with his story of the three greedy men that eventually perish at the hands of their sin is a distinct medieval device. The comic twist that Chaucer adds to the device, though, is that the Pardoner in himself is as the personification of sin, as is evident from the passages of his prologue. At the conclusion of his tale, the Pardoner asks, Allas, mankinde, how may it bitide/ That to thy Creatour which that thee wroughte,/ And with his precious herte blood boughte,/ Thou art so fals and unkinde, allas?. He then goes on to offer each pilgrim a place. Abnormal Psychology Problem: Excessive Use Of Mari Essay He was the outrider or the person in charge of the outlying property. which lead him to enjoy hunting, fine foods, and owning several horses. Monks renounced all their worldly belongings and by taking vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, joined a community of monks. Their lives were spent in communal worship, devotional reading, prayer and manual labour all under the authority of the abbot of the monastic house. Particular monks often had particular jobs- the cellarer or the infirmarer for example, and these like every aspect of monastic life were laid down in the Rule. Monks were nearly always of noble extraction (one had to have wealth in order to give it up) but could also be given to the monastery as children (called oblates) to be brought up as monks.Hindsight has blurred our vision of the Medieval monk and the result is that the modern Christian mindset has condemned him for his selfish escapism from the world and for his apparent neglect of those who needed Christ outside of the cloister. The Medieval mindset was very different. The monastery was an integral part of the local community it probably owned most of the farming land in the area- and the fortunes of the people in any area were bound up with the spirituality of its monastic house. The monks were on the front line of the spiritual battle-it was they who did battle in prayer for their community, who warded off devils and demons and who prayed tirelessly for the salvation of the souls of those in their community. Rather than being the cowards of Christianity unable to take the strain of living a Christian life in the real world, the monks were like spiritual stormtroopers interceeding for an area against its supernatural enemies in mudh the same way as a local lord in his castle protected an area against its physical enemies. The people gave gifts to both lord and abbot in return for a service. The Pardoner also represents the tradition of faith in respect to the church of his time. The Pardoner is representative of the seamy side of the corrupt church and a broken or twisted (if you will) faith. The faith of a bureaucracy, which is what the church had become. The Pardoner was a church official who had the authority to forgive those who had sinned by selling pardons and indulgences to them. Although, the Pardoner was a church official, he was clearly in the church business for economic reasons. The Pardoner, a devious and somewhat dubious individual had one goal: Get the most money for pardons by almost any means of coercion necessary. A twisted and ironic mind, has basically defined himself through his work for a similarly corrupt church. In contrast, the Plowman has nothing but a seemingly uncomplicated and untwisted faith. The Plowman has the faith of a poor farmer, uncomplicated by the bureaucracy of the church. The Pardoner is probably on this journey because he is being required to go by the church or he sees some sort of economic gain from this voyage, most likely from selling forgiveness to the other pilgrims. The Plowman on the other hand is probably on this voyage because of his sincerity and faith in its purpose. While this was the story of religion at grass-roots level, at the organisational and hierarchical level, the church developed along a different line. It became more organized, more bureaucratic, more legal, more centralized and basically more powerful on a European scale. This process was spearheaded by the papacy and reached its pinnacle under Pope Innocent III in the early 13th Century. He embodied what became known as the papal monarchy a situation where the popes literally were kings in their own world. The relative importance of spiritual and secular power in the world was a constant question in the middle ages with both secular emperors and kings, and the popes asserting their claims to rule by divine authority with Gods commands for Gods people proceeding out of their mouths. The power of the church is hard to exaggerate: its economic and political influence was huge, as its wealth, movements like the crusades, and even the number of churches that exist from this period truly show its greatness. By the early 10th century, a strange malaise seems to have entered the English church. There are comments from this time of a decline in learning among churchmen and an increase in a love for things of this earthly world. Even more of these lax standards had begun a decline in the power structure of the church which included a decrease in acceptable behavior amongst churchmen and a growing use of church institutions by lay people as a means of evading taxes. Christianity affected all men in Europe at every level and in every way. Such distances however, led to much diversity and the shaping of Medieval religion into a land of contrasts. One can also see how mans feelings of extreme sinfulness and desire for God are quite evident in these tales. Still, we are told that history repeats itself because nobody listens to it, but more realistically history repeats itself because man is essentially the same from one generation to the next. He has the same aspirations, fears and flaws; yet the way that these are expressed differs from age to age. This is why each period of history is different. The fact that man is the same yet different is what makes the study of the people who formed the medieval church directly applicable to Christians lives and experiences today.

Conflicts and Their Effects on Group Performance

Table of Contents Introduction Conflicts Factors through Which Conflict Affects a Group Group Characters that influence effects of conflict Conflict Effectiveness Conclusion References Introduction The production process has improved nowadays becoming complex day by day hence requiring people to change the method of production as the technology changes. On the same note, due to division of labor that has become the order of the day; many people have chosen to specialize in certain areas only in order to advance their productivity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Conflicts and Their Effects on Group Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has led to the need of people to work together so that each can perform the task he or she is well qualified in hence enhancing productivity and quality. As group working becomes more important so are the issues that affect the groups. Difference in opinion s and the fact that people are socialized differently, gives rise to disagreements in any group thus affecting its performance either positively or negatively. Conflicts are evident in every group and their effects to the performance and continuity of the group varies due to different factors. Conflicts These are disagreements over various issues affecting the group which can vary from personal behavior and interaction to professional and process accomplishment. Conflicts can be divided into three broad groups that are seemingly distinct from each other and each of which can be addressed separately (Thompson 2008). These are task conflict, process conflict and relationship conflict. Task conflict can be defined as the disagreement among the group members on how to accomplish a given task given the different ways that are available (Draft 2011). Task conflict is majorly unavoidable since people have different views on how to perform any given duty and many people have the tendency of trusting their view more than that of others. Disagreements on how the current promotion criterion is implemented or on the data base security system are examples of task conflicts (West 2012). On the other hand, relationship conflict is disagreements on personal factors which are not related to the tasks being performed such as; personal clothing, family issues and social political opinions among others. It is quite difficult to understand the complexity of human diversity which brings about difference in views and opinions, hence a group can perform well if it develops a common culture that relies on shared norms and values thus eliminating the possibility of opinion conflict (Draft 2011). Relationship conflicts tend to touch on the self esteem of a person and adversely affect how the members of the group will relate with each other. It also to some extent touches on the willingness of a member being ready to interact with others in the group.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Process conflict has been defined as the disagreement among the group members as regards to the execution of a given task, and the most qualified person to perform a certain duty. It highly touches on matters of logistics and division of labor among the participants (Passos 2005). In most cases it has been discovered that process conflict has quite different effects on group performance as compared to task and relationship conflict. Factors through Which Conflict Affects a Group It has been noted that conflict affect certain issues that directly influence the outcomes of the group and that it does not in itself directly affect the group. Such issues as the amount of trust that group members have both on the group as a whole and on individual group members highly determine the productivity of the group (West 2012). In conjunction with that, the bond that puts together in dividual members in the group is of importance, as it determines the likelihood that the members can enjoy working together hence, influencing group outcomes. The cohesiveness of the group if threatened by the conflicts will therefore negatively affect the outcomes of the group besides hindering the processing of any input. On the same note, loss of trust, in either a member of the group or the group in general, due to given conflicts will also impact negatively on the group productivity (Sosik Jung 2002). When there is argument as to why one should be given a certain duty and not any other, trust among the group members is affected thus, reducing the morale of working together therefore reducing the output of the whole group. Additionally, group members need to feel that their contribution is valued in the group’s proceedings for them to confidently give their opinions. When one’s contributions are openly challenged each time, the person feels that either him or her as a person or the contributions are not respected and therefore becomes unwilling to work with others. This has negative impacts on the group as it reduces productivity while at the same time it jeopardizes the group’s continuity (Child 2006). Besides, all forms of conflicts have varied effects on the cohesiveness of the group which in turn affects performance given that the productivity directly depends on the ability of people to work as a group. Therefore, conflict through affecting the confidence that people have with their surrounding, the feeling that group members have as regards to the respect they have from other group members and strengthening or weakening the group bond, is able to influence both group viability and performance (Shaw, Zhu, Duffy, Shih Susanto 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Conflicts and Their Effects on Group Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Group Characters that influence effects of conflict Certain characters among the group members influence the way conflict affects the group. The way the group perceives and receives a conflict coupled with how the group members think the conflict will affect them individually plays a greater role in determining the effects conflict will have to the group (Brody 2005). Anger and frustration are common emotional reactions that accompany any form of conflict and these emotions tend to impact negatively on the group performance. Strong and negative emotional attachment to conflicts will reduce trust, respect and weaken the bonds that hold the group together thus reducing the group’s productivity. On the other hand, members who have had a heated debate, especially over personal issues, where emotions were high and negative would not be able to give any task the concentration it requires for its optimum execution thus they produce below their ability and expectations (Shaw et al. 2011). It is important to note that, negative emotions tend to mostly affect the outcomes of the group, if the conflict in question is relationship conflict. On the contrary, as far as task and process conflicts are concerned, negative emotions does not in any way influence the performance of the group. The way various conflict issues are addressed also influences the effects of conflicts on group performance (Thompson 2008). If members felt that they would openly discuss their opinions with others, then the effects of task conflict on cohesion, trust and respect among the group members is positive hence the performance of the group is enhanced. But as relationship conflict is concerned, the norms of discussing openly the issue of the conflict have adverse negative effects on self esteem and thus, reduces the viability and productivity of the members. On the other hand, encouragement of open discussions as regards to process conflict will encourage people to feel free to seek for guidance where they are not sure of which action to take and therefore, increase the productivity of the group (Passos 2005). It is therefore advantageous if the group encourages open discussion on matters that are directly related to the task to be completed and the logistics of completion, while discouraging the same on personal issues which are not task related (Brody 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The probability that the group members perceives in the opportunity to resolve the conflict will also to larger extent influence how the conflict will impact on the group’s output. If a certain member who has a relationship conflict with another in the group has no hopes that the conflict can be resolved, there is no possibility that the two can ever be at ease when working together and this will negatively impact on the group’s continuity. Process conflict and task conflict are also highly affected by the possibility of conflict resolution among the individual group members. When group members have the belief that it is possible to solve any issues that may arise from a conflict, they stop thinking that conflicts are only detrimental to the group and thus, their personality is boosted which triggers positive effects on trust as well as group bonding therefore, improving group output. On the same note, high possibility of conflict resolution enhances cooperation among the group and reduces competition which would lead to every person wanting to outdo the other in their actions thus, disregarding some contributions which would be helpful (John, Greer, Levine Szulanski 2008). Though some researchers have argued that the importance attached to a certain conflict by group members influences the effects of the conflict to the group, this has been refuted by many recent researchers who have noted that it is not necessarily the case. In recent researches, it has been depicted that the interpretation of the level of importance is what matters (Child 2006). Conflict Effectiveness Relationship conflict tends to have negative effects on the group performance though mostly, people try to avoid directly working together with those they share different views with or they avoid bringing personal issue to work place hence, effects of relationship conflict are not very pronounced. On the other hand, task conflict is moderated by open discussions which tend to re store trust and respect of the group members. Furthermore, task conflict and process conflict can be avoided by developing, as part of the group culture, the opinion that it is actually possible to solve any conflict that may arise (John et al. 2008). It should however be noted that to some extent some level of task conflict is advantageous as it has led to innovation. Additionally, all these types of conflicts are correlated to a larger extent and therefore, the possibility of one conflict leading to another one is very high. It is important to note that, open discussions are partly advantageous and partly detrimental as far as process conflict is concerned and should therefore be handled with care. Conclusion Group working is inevitable and therefore group conflicts will always be an issue that should be addressed diligently for the sake of performance. Though research on the effects of conflicts to group performance and how the negative effects can be mitigated, more still needs to be done as these researches present several limitations. The interrelationship of the conflicts together with the effects of different group characteristics, still need to be explored more. Furthermore, given that sometimes the conflicts present both positive and negative effects, it is paramount that it is known what type of conflict to encourage to what extent and the method of achieving this. References Brody, R. (2005). Effectively Managing Human Service in Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers. Child, D. (2006). The Essentials of Factor Analysis. New York: Continuum International Publishing. Draft, L. R. (2011). Management. Stanford: Cengage Learning. Passos, A. M. (2005). Exploring the Effects of Intragroup Conflict and Past Performance Feedback on Team Effectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 231-244. Shaw, D. J., Zhu, J., Duffy, K. M., Shih, H. Susanto, E. (2011). A Contingency Model of Conflict and Team Effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 9 6 (2), 391-400. Sosik, J. J. Jung, D. I. (2002). Work-Group Characteristics and Performance in Collectivistic And Individualistic Cultures. The Journal of Social Psychology 142 (1), 5-23. Thompson, L. L. (2008).Making The Team Work: A Guide for Managers. Upper Saddle River: Prentice hall. West, A. M. (2012). Effective Teamwork: Practical Lessons from Organizational Research. Hoboken: John Willey sons. John, A. K., Greer, L., Levine, S., Szulanski, G. (2008). The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions and Emergent States on Group Outcomes. Springer Science Business Media B.V 2008, 465-495. This research paper on Conflicts and Their Effects on Group Performance was written and submitted by user Jaydin J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Origin and Meaning of the Last Name Boyle

Origin and Meaning of the Last Name Boyle A variant of OBOYLE, from the Irish Ó BAOGHILL. Of uncertain derivation, but the Boyle last name is considered by most to be connected to the Irish geall, meaning pledge or vain pledge, or thought to mean having profitable pledges. The OBoyles were chieftains in Donegal, ruling west Ulster with the ODonnells and the ODoughertys. Boyles can also be found in Kildare and Offaly. BOYLE is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland, as well as the 84th most popular last name in Scotland. Surname Origin:  Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  BOYLES, O BOYLE, O BAOIGHILL, O BAOILL Clan Boyle: Clan Boyle in Scotland originated with Anglo-Norman knights bearing the de Beauville or, more commonly,  de Boyville name  from Beauville, near Caen. They are believed to have arrived in Scotland after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. There is a record of a David de Boivil witnessing a charter as early as 1164. Originally, the name was confined to the south-west of Scotland where it was pronounced bowl. The surname spelling also changed over time, with the shortened variant  Boyll appearing in 1367 and Boyle in 1482. The land surrounding Kelburn Castle in Ayrshire has been the home of Clan Boyle since the 13th century and is currently occupied by the 10th Earl of Glasgow, Patrick Robin Archibald Boyle.  The Boyle clan motto is Dominus provedebit which means God will provide. A branch of the Boyles from Kelburn became established in Ireland and eventually became the Earls of Cork.  Richard Boyle (1566–1643), the 1st Earl of Cork, was Lord Treasurer of the Kingdom of Ireland. Famous People with the BOYLE Last Name: Robert Boyle - Irish born scientist, and 7th son of Richard Boyle, Earl of CorkT.C. Boyle - American writer and novelistWillard S. Boyle – Canadian physicistSusan Boyle - Scottish born singer made famous by Britains Got Talent Genealogy Resources for the BOYLE Last Name: Family Boyle Surname DNA ProjectThis free project uses results from Y-DNA testing to map individuals with the Boyle surname into different branches of the Boyle family tree. Joining the project entitles you to a discount on DNA testing. Boyle Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Boyle last name to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Boyle surname query. DistantCousin.com - BOYLE Genealogy Family HistoryExplore links to databases and genealogical resources for the Boyle last name. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name MeaningsCant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Last Flight of Space Shuttle Challenger Essay

The Last Flight of Space Shuttle Challenger - Essay Example This turned out to be the first blunder that led to the tragic incident. It happened to be the 10th mission for the Challenger Orbiter, while it was the 25th mission for the Space Transportation Systems (STS) and this proved a great challenge when considering the complexity of modern federal bureaucracy and relying on private contractors. The unfortunate Challenger seemed to take off normally, but after flying for about 73 seconds, the Mission Control did not receive any signal from it. Instead, just soon after the Challenger’s final radio signal, a blinding flash of light was seen by the people in the Mission Control room. This massive flash was actually the huge explosion and 2 destruction of the Orbiter and its fuel tanks, and its Solid Rocket Boosters that were blown into the air with the impact and hurtled down into residential areas. (Charles, T. pg. 110) The tragic disaster of the Space Shuttle Challenger, was considered to be the worst ever disaster that the United Sta tes space program experienced, because it had left all seven crew members dead including Christa McAuliffe, who was the â€Å"First Teacher in Space.† This financial loss of almost $ 2 billion left the world in a state of shock and made America lose their trust in NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Investigations on the disaster of Space Shuttle Challenger were carried out by the Presidential Commission who drew up the causes which were responsible. One of the chief findings of the Commission was that the pressure seal that joins the right solid Rocket Motor in the aft field had failed, causing the disaster. The faulty design was susceptible to many other factors which were unacceptable. These factors include – the quality and character of the material, physical wear and tear and the ‘reaction of the joint to dynamic loading.’ (Charles, T. pg.111) Besides finding out the technical fault, the Commission found that the process of decision m aking was to blame for the catastrophe, which could have easily been avoided if more caution was executed. Michael T. Charles’s study findings, further points to the lapse in the organizational setting which include such phenomena as pressured decision making, Congressional 3 funding, lucrative business contracts, the bureau- political discrepancies within and among NASA, including military and many other agencies of the government who are in competition for space dollars. Charles T. (pg. 111) points out that even though NASA, a governmental agency who has the responsibility of the development and management of this Space Shuttle Program and has such a good reputation, yet it became a part of the tragedy because the different departments are quite dependant on each other and therefore wrong interactions between them would have inevitably lead to the disaster. In addition, NASA is in collaboration with other private firm contracts to lend their support in the developing and de signing of the STS. However, the contract of constructing the Solid Rock Boosters was given to a company called ‘The Morton Thiokol Corporation where the flaw which caused the disaster was found. Managerial responsibility was another drawback pointed out by the Commission, which also contributed to the mishap. A team of managers was placed in charge for different parts of the

BOGART - A CASE IN POINT Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BOGART - A IN POINT - Case Study Example When their scheme was identified the men had managed to leave the premises with sensitive and basic information involving the B.I.D. program. The fiasco ultimately cost the company, approximately, 1,000,000 dollars to recover, repair, and pay the necessary technicians to fix the damages and eliminate the self destruct â€Å"booby-traps† they had set. These costs amounted to, nearly, twice as much as it cost to initially implement and finance the new software's development. There are a number of aspects to the case study here one can criticize Bogart’s approaches and practices in relation to this topic. However, there are 10 specific changes that would have helped the Bogart Company to prevent and proactively deal with the issues created by the developers. These ten suggestions explain where the Bogart Company went wrong and changes that they could implement that might have prevented problems. These implementations could, also, aid them in deterrence of such issues in th e future. 1. Know Your Staff: These gentlemen were newly hired and immediately handed an immensely important task; it might have been wiser not to put so much faith and responsibility in someone whose company loyalties cannot be known. 2. Never Let Employees Work on Sensitive Projects at Home: These new hired developers should never have been allowed to work from home. Outside the workplace environment there is no way for supervisors, managers, or other staff to have access to the work that these employees are doing. 3. Management Need to be involved in Sensitive Projects: The development of team involved only these two men involved two others. With such a small team working on something so intrinsically important to the future of the business, there should be a level of involvement form supervisory and management staff. They should have been more heavily present. This, alone, could have had a huge effect on the behaviors of employees. 4. Trademark and Protect Interests from the Sta rt: Once the unique elements of their system had been determined, they should have immediately trademarked and guaranteed their rights, earlier on, preceding the copyright efforts of the dishonest employees. 5. Regular In-depth Reviews of the Work: The designers were able to encrypt the system with booby-traps that could completely compromise and shutdown the system. It more people had been involved or aware of the process then these employees may not have had the â€Å"free reign† that allowed them to do as they did. Stronger interactive behaviors from supervisors are essential. 6. Make Sure Staff Feels Importance and Loyalty to the Company: Be sure to install a sense of importance and relevance to staff contributions, in this way, your staff can be your eyes, ears, and guardians of the company’s ethics and standards. In this case, it was the honesty and keen eye of another employee that identified the designers hidden trademark logo. Had that employee, in the case st udy, not identified that trademark the outcome in this case might be a great deal different (Mayhew, 2013). 7. Implement Strict Policy from the Start: The Company used the signing of stricter security policies as a ploy to

Advantages Of Bluetooth Technology implementation In Modern Life Case Study

Advantages Of Bluetooth Technology implementation In Modern Life - Case Study Example The Bluetooth technology in business information system uses a weak signal so that it doesn't interfere by means of cell phone signal or additional signals. This technology is identical to the radio signal technology. The Bluetooth technology can be utilized to transfer data between different sections at the Business Information System. The current status of the technology Bluetooth has held every corner of society resorting overwhelming trend since Ericsson proposed the new technology-Bluetooth in 1998. The development of Bluetooth is improved rapidly in recent years. As a new short distance wireless transmission technology, Bluetooth has been paid close attention to the fields of science, industry, and entertainment. Bluetooth service utilizes radio waves to transfer data that's mean distances between each Bluetooth devices has to in short distance. Another weakness point about Bluetooth is security; because of the underlying communication medium is an open system for everyone. In these cases, this technology is not effectively operational. It is suitable for only office-based communications and data handling. According to Flint, Karvinen, McKnight, & Tee (2008), Bluetooth is a new and modern type of technology in the telecommunications sector. This new technology allows connecting wirelessly to computers, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants or PDAs. This wireless connection allows easy interconnection by a short-range wireless link. In this way, we can transfer data within a short distance with high data rate. By means of this technology, users of wireless technology, cellular phones, PDAs can purchase a 3in1 mobile phone that is able to offer the facility of portability at the office or home. It also presents the capability to obtain rapidly synchronized information in a notebook or desktop computer.